[Repair of Traumatic Brachiocephalic Artery Pseudoaneurysm by Open Surgery:Report of a Case].

The patient is a 56-year-old man. He fell while playing golf and sustained a contusion on his right chest. He fell into hemorrhagic shock during surgery for a right clavicle fracture at a nearby hospital and required cardiac resuscitation. Computed tomography( CT) scan revealed left pneumothorax and right hemothorax, and a contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a pseudoaneurysm at the brachiocephalic artery origin. He underwent surgery three weeks later. Surgery was performed through a median sternotomy and partial arch replacement (zone 2) with antegrade cerebral perfusion under moderate hypothermia. He was discharged on postoperative day 10 without significant complications.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Outcome of Different Treatments for Innominate Artery Stenosis or Occlusion.

The present study reported the outcomes of different treatments for innominate artery (IA) atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion. We performed a systematic review of the literature (4 database searched; last search February 2022), including articles with ≥5 patients. We performed meta-analyses of proportions for different postoperative outcomes. Fourteen studies were included (656 patients; 396 underwent surgery, 260 endovascular procedures). IA lesions were asymptomatic in 9.6% (95% CI 4.6-14.6). Overall estimated technical success (TS) rate was 91.7% (95% CI 86.9-96.4); weighted TS rate was 86.8% (95% CI 75-98.6) in the surgical group (SG), 97.1% (95% CI 94.6-99.7) in the endovascular group (EG). Postoperative stroke in SG was 2.5% (95% CI 1-4.1) and 2.1% in EG (95% CI .3-3.8). Overall, 30-day occlusion was estimated .9% (95% CI 0-1.8) in SG and .7% (95% CI 0-1.7) in EG. Thirty-day mortality was 3.4% (95% CI .9-5.8) in SG and .7% (95% CI 0-1.7) in EG. Estimated mean follow-up after intervention was 65.5 months (95% CI 45.5-85.5) in SG and 22.4 months (95% CI 14.72-30.16) in EG. During follow-up, restenosis in SG were 2.8% (95% CI .5-5.1) and 16.6% (95% CI 5- 28.1) in EG. In conclusion, the endovascular approach seems to offer good short to mid-term outcomes, but with a higher rate of restenosis during follow-up.

The Brachiocephalic Trunk Variant Origin and High-Riding Course: Two Cadaveric Cases.

OBJECTIVE: The current report describes two rare cadaveric findings of a left sided brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) in relation to the trachea, and its high-riding course above the suprasternal notch (SN). CASES DESCRIPTION: In two elderly body donors dissected after death, a left-sided BCT was identified with a high-riding course (0.5 and 0.8 cm above the SN). The BCT originated from the aortic arch, in common with the left common carotid artery, more distally than the typical left-side location and crossed in front of the trachea. In the 1st case, the ascending and descending aortae, and the left subclavian artery had aneurysmal dilatation. In both cases, the trachea was displaced to the right side and had a stenosis due to the chronic compression. CONCLUSION: A high-riding BCT is of paramount clinical importance, as it may complicate tracheotomy, thyroid surgery and mediastinoscopy, leading to fatal complications. BCT injury leads to a massive bleeding during neck dissection (level VI), when the vessel crosses the anterior tracheal wall.

High-riding innominate artery in the neck: A hazardous presentation during surgery.

Aberrant innominate artery lying high in the neck is a rare entity that can be encountered intraoperatively during midline neck surgeries such as thyroidectomy and tracheostomy. Surgeons should be mindful of this entity as injury to the artery can lead to life-threatening haemorrhage. We report a case of a 40 year old female in whom an aberrant innominate artery was identified high in the neck, while performing a total thyroidectomy.

Circulatory Arrest for Traumatic Brachiocephalic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Repair.

Blunt traumatic injuries to the brachiocephalic artery require surgical management. The operative technique used depends on the location of the injury, the patient's hemodynamic stability, and the surgeon's experience. Perfusion strategy can facilitate vascular control of the aortic arch and branch vessels. This report presents an urgent repair of a proximal posterior blunt traumatic brachiocephalic artery injury under circulatory arrest, with an excellent outcome.

Endovascular Treatment of Innominate Artery Bifurcation Injury with Balloon-Expandable Covered Stents Utilizing Kissing Stent Technique.

Major injury of the innominate artery is traditionally treated with an open repair which is technically challenging, associated with large volumes of blood loss and prolonged operative times. Endovascular treatment with covered stent placement across the injury is an attractive alternative. However, placement of a single covered stent across the innominate artery bifurcation into one of its distal branches will not prevent bleeding because of retrograde perfusion from the unstented branch distal to the bifurcation. Here, we report a case of successful endovascular repair of one such injury involving the innominate artery bifurcation with ongoing extravasation into the mediastinum. The injury was successfully treated by utilizing 2 balloon-expandable covered stents placed in kissing fashion from the innominate artery into both of its distal branches. This technique of parallel covered stent placement across a bifurcation could effectively repair bifurcation injuries while maintaining patency of both distal branches.

Blunt Trauma to Brachiocephalic Artery: Presentation and Management.

Isolated innominate artery injury is very rare and accounts for less than 3% of recognized arterial injuries. Surgical exploration of the artery, especially at the origin of the artery from the arch of the aorta, is surgically challenging. Due to its rarity, any 1 surgeon's experience in dealing with innominate artery injury is bound to be limited. We report 2 cases of innominate artery injury post-blunt chest trauma. Both patients underwent thoracotomy and innominate artery Dacron graft repair and both had an uneventful postoperative course.

Median Sternotomy for Innominate Artery Compression Syndrome and Distal Tracheal Stenosis.

We present a case of a premature infant who had an initial diagnosis of an innominate artery compression syndrome. This was approached by a median sternotomy for an aortopexy. However, the patient was found to have a distal tracheal stenosis due to a tracheal cartilage deficiency and was treated by a tracheal resection and primary anastamosis.

Innominate Artery Cannulation for Proximal Aortic Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of innominate artery cannulation strategy with side-graft technique in proximal aortic pathologies. METHODS: A total of 70 patients underwent innominate artery cannulation with a side graft for surgery on the proximal aorta from 2012 to 2020. There were 46 men and 24 women with an average age of 56±13 years. The indications for surgery were type A aortic dissection in 17 patients (24.3%), aortic aneurysm in 52 patients (74.3%), and ascending aorta pseudoaneurysm in one patient (1.4%). The innominate artery was free of disease in all patients. Hypothermic circulatory arrest with antegrade cerebral perfusion was utilized in 60 patients (85.7%). Three patients had previous sternotomy (4.2%). The most common surgical procedure was ascending aorta with hemiarch replacement in 34 patients (48.5%). RESULTS: The mean cardiac ischemia and cardiopulmonary bypass times were 116+46 minutes and 164+56 minutes, respectively. Mean antegrade cerebral perfusion time was 27+14 minutes. The patients were cooled between 22°C and 30°C during surgery. Thirty-day mortality rate was 7.1% (five patients). One patient (1.4%) had stroke, one patient (1.4%) had temporary neurologic deficit, and eight patients (11.4%) had confusion and agitation that resolved completely in all cases. There was no local complication or arterial injury. CONCLUSION: Cannulation of the innominate artery with side graft is safe and effective for both cardiopulmonary bypass and antegrade cerebral perfusion. This technique provides satisfactory neurologic outcomes for proximal aortic surgery.

Role of aortopexy in the treatment of aberrant innominate artery in children.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the surgical and follow-up outcomes in children who operated for aberrant innominate artery. METHODS: A total of 15 consecutive patients (12 males, 3 females; mean age 16.3 ± 19.0 months; range 3 months to 6 years) who underwent aortopexy between February 2018 and December 2021 were evaluated. Demographic data, preoperative and postoperative clinical status and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age at operation was 16.3 ± 19.0 months. The median weight was 8.3 kg (range, 7-14.5 kg).There was no complications at intraoperative period. The mean percent degree of tracheal stenosis was 0.68 ± 0.12. The median (range) MV duration, PICU stay, and ward stay of the patients were 2 h (0-3 h), 2.5 days (1-4 days), and 5 days (3-8 days), respectively. The mean patients' number of emergency service applications and hospitalization at the preoperative period was 6.2 ± 3.9/2.3 ± 1.6 and, at the postoperative period was 3.3 ± 2.2/0.9 ± 0.8. In comparison of the preoperative and postoperative service application number and hospitalization number, there was significant difference (p < 0.005 and 0.006, respectively). No reoperation was required. There was no mortality. CONCLUSION: Aberrant innominate artery is rarely seen. These pathologies misdiagnosis with different reactive airways. Following the diagnosis, treatment can be achieved by surgery successfully.

Ruptured innominate artery pseudoaneurysm presenting as hoarseness in Behçet's syndrome: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Vascular involvement is an infrequent clinical manifestation of Behçet's syndrome. Owing to the rarity of arterial involvement in Behçet's syndrome, there is limited experience in managing this phenomenon. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report a 28-year-old Iranian man with a Behçet's syndrome background, who presented with shoulder pain and hoarseness. Chest computed tomography angiography was conducted with a suspicion of a vascular pathology causing pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerves. The patient was diagnosed with a ruptured innominate artery pseudoaneurysm. An innominate artery to the right common carotid artery bypass was performed, and the pseudoaneurysm was excised and replaced with an expandable polytetrafluoroethylene graft. Eventually, the patient was discharged after an uneventful hospital course. CONCLUSION: It appears that we are still a long way from finding the optimal treatment for Behçet's syndrome vascular involvement, and a combination of surgical and medicinal treatments is required.

Suprasternal transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Modified trocar-free technique.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is established as the standard treatment for severe aortic stenosis. Many approaches have been described, including the suprasternal technique, an alternative for patients with unsuitable femoral arteries. We now describe a trocar-free technique for the Suprasternal approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: Under endotracheal anesthesia, an incision is made above the manubrium and dissection is carried down to the innominate artery with adequate exposure for cannulation. Access site is closed with purse-string suture. The Suprasternal approach has relatively few contraindications. CONCLUSION: Our trocar-free technique is a safe and easily reproducible technique for TAVRs in patients with poor femoral access.

Successful management of a tracheomalacia patient with active endotracheal bleeding due to intraoperative innominate artery injury: A case report.

RATIONALE: Intraoperative innominate artery injury is life-threatening in tracheomalacia patients with prolonged tracheostomy. Anesthetic management is challenging in cases with massive hemorrhage into the endotracheal tube. We report a case in which we successfully managed a tracheomalacia patient with acute endotracheal bleeding due to innominate artery injury. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 24-year-old patient with tracheomalacia was scheduled to undergo exploratory thoracotomy for the treatment of intermittent bleeding at the tracheostomy site. During exploration, sudden active bleeding due to innominate artery injury was observed in the endotracheal lumen. DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with tracheomalacia. INTERVENTIONS: We immediately used the bronchoscope to place the tip of the endotracheal tube at the bleeding site and hyperinflated the cuff. OUTCOMES: The ballooned cuff compressed the active bleeding site, so no additional bleeding was detected by bronchoscopy, and no additional massive bleeding was observed in the operative field. LESSONS: Immediate and appropriate overinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff by an anesthesiologist may provide improved surgical field visibility and time for critical surgical procedures in cases of massive hemorrhaging.

[Vascular Prosthesis Perforation Caused by a Stent Graft Inserted into the Innominate Artery after Total Aortic Arch Replacement].

The patient was a 60-year-old woman who underwent thoracoabdominal aorta replacement for type B aortic dissection three years ago and aortic root replacement and total aortic arch replacement due to asymptomatic type A aortic dissection two years previously. Her clinical course was uneventful until follow-up computed tomography (CT) disclosed anastomotic insufficiency in the innominate artery and left main coronary artery stenosis owing to hematoma. Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention and stent graft insertion into the innominate artery were performed successfully. Seven months later, however, CT scan revealed a perforation in the posterior wall of the artificial graft damaged by the edge of the implanted stent graft. The patient underwent open surgery and perforation of artificial graft was sutured and redundant stent graft edge was resected. Artificial graft damage by stent graft placement is rare to date, but may increase in the future in accordance with broader application of endovascular treatment.

Preliminary experience with new generation balloon expandable stent-graft in the treatment of innominate artery obstructive disease.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe a single center preliminary experience with the use of a specific balloon expandable stent-graft for the treatment of innominate artery (IA) obstructive lesions. METHODS: We report our experience with four male patients treated with Gore Viabahn balloon (Gore Medical, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) expandable stent-graft for different types of IA stenosis: three patients were symptomatic for vertebrobasilar insufficiency, while one patient was asymptomatic for cerebrovascular symptoms. The stent grafts were deployed using retrograde (N.=2) or antegrade approach (N.=2), aiming to cover the entire lesions length and to slightly protrude into the aortic arch. Post-dilatation was performed with a compliant balloon. One patient presented a tandem lesion (IA and right internal carotid artery) and after the stenting of the IA he was treated also with a carotid artery stenting during the same procedure. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all patients. No perioperative or postoperative complications had been reported and the neurological disorders disappeared for the three symptomatic patients. After a mean clinical and radiological follow-up of 24±5 months, all the stents were patent and perfectly adapted to the vessels. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary clinical experience shows that the use of the Gore Viabahn balloon (Gore Medical) expandable stent-graft seems safe and feasible for the treatment of the IA obstructive lesions, also in presence of irregular plaques and hostile anatomies for an endovascular treatment. Larger experiences and long-term data are mandatory.

Too big to fail?-An aggressive strategy for a dire problem.

Tracheo-innominate fistula (TIF) is a reported complication of tracheostomy that typically presents with a herald bleed. The phenomenon of an aortotracheal fistula has similar pathology and presentation to TIF, but no standard surgical repair. In the manuscript by Musgrove et al. in the Journal of Cardiac Surgery, the authors propose a surgical treatment that is reproducible for the correct anatomic configuration-an ascending and aortic arch replacement, pericardial patch of the tracheal defect, and omental flap coverage. While this intervention is a large undertaking for a small defect, it is a safe and durable repair.

Usefulness of stent placement for innominate artery stenosis via the right brachial artery under protection by balloon guide catheter: a technical case report.

A method of cerebral protection during endovascular treatment for innominate artery stenosis (IAS) has not been established. Herein, we report a case of symptomatic IAS in a 76-year-old woman. A balloon guide catheter (BGC) was inserted through the right brachial artery (BA) and guided distally to the stenosis. The BGC balloon was inflated, and stenting was performed with balloon protection of both the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation, without any complications. Stenting of the IAS with the BGC using the BA approach is useful, as it is a simple technique that can prevent distal embolization.

Therapeutic outcomes of laryngeal closure and laryngostomy in children with recurrent pneumonia.

PURPOSE: Children with medical complexity frequently experience difficulty breathing and swallowing and occasionally develop aspiration pneumonia. Long-term intubation may cause fatal trachea-innominate artery fistula (TIF). In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of laryngeal closure and laryngostomy in children with medical complexity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laryngeal closure and laryngostomy were performed in eight children with severe neuromuscular disorders who were incapable of oral ingestion and verbal communication. The laryngostoma was placed at a higher position compared to that in conventional tracheostomies for easier management of the airway and to prevent TIF. RESULTS: Aspiration was successfully prevented postoperatively in all cases. Laryngocutaneous fistula formation was not observed. Two patients successfully achieved oral ingestion capability and tracheal cannulas were removed in two patients. Among the six patients who needed a mechanical ventilator before surgery, two patients were weaned from mechanical ventilation. Five patients were successfully discharged from the hospital. Although two patients died because of their primary condition, pneumonia exacerbation was not observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: Compared to the conventional tracheostomy, our procedure improved airway management and function in children with medical complexity and reduced the risk of TIF.